Literature in Spanish began arising in Mexico from around the 16th century, naturally after the conquistadors came to the region. During colonial times, literature in Mexico reflected what was happening in Spanish literature at the time. It was a continuation or even, imitation of the trends emerging in literary circles there. Mexican literature at this point in time also included chronicles, letters, recounts and stories told by the explorers, conquerors, soldiers and missionaries. A prime example of this early colonial literature includes writings and eyewitness accounts by Hernan Cortés himself.

Literature included both religious and secular works by authors, poets and playwrights such as Juan Pérez Ramirez, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, among many many more. Later on, poetry and other historic works by the Jesuits F.J. Alegre, F.J. Clavijero and fray Servando Teresa de Mier also added to Mexican literature and its development. The vice regal capital of Mexico City was one of the literary circles that flourished during colonial times in Spanish America.